ZHANG Jianan, GU Cheng, HAN Xinru
2025, 0(8): 5-17.
Timely and effective responses to the public demands of societal members constitute a critical function of modern states.The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a series of major decisions and deployments to further comprehensively deepen reforms and promote the Chinese path to modernization.Among them, it repeatedly mentioned the need to deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system and improve the institutional system for safeguarding and improving people's livelihood.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the nation's fiscal system has evolved through multiple transformations, progressing from a highly centralized system of unified revenue and expenditure to a tax-sharing regime and subsequent phases of comprehensive reform. Each institutional shift has been closely aligned with the political, economic, and social development needs of its era, aiming to optimize fiscal resource allocation, incentivize governance initiatives at all levels, and ultimately propel economic growth while advancing social equity.Through the construction of a tripartite “central government-local government-societal members” responsiveness framework, this study reveals two critical findings: the revenue distribution relationship between central and local governments shapes local governments' response capacity, while the division of administrative responsibilities between them influences their response incentives.Constrained by these dual factors, local governments increasingly exhibit patterns of “selective responsiveness”.Consequently, the scientific formulation of a modern fiscal and taxation system bears significance that extends beyond ensuring local governments' accountability and responsiveness to the livelihood needs of their constituents.It fundamentally determines whether local governments can fully leverage their proactive role in driving economic growth and revenue generation. This constitutes both a linchpin for transitioning toward high-quality national economic development and steadily enhancing public well-being, as well as an inherent requirement for advancing the modernization of the national governance system and capabilities.