中国作为世界第一大贸易国,改革开放以来贸易增长的速度有目共睹。然而随着我国的环境污染问题日趋严重,贸易活动对资源的不断需求使得人们开始认为贸易扩张或许是我国环境污染状况难以改善的原因之一。关于贸易开放与环境污染之间的关系问题一直是学术界研究的重要议题之一,尽管有很多实证研究,但结论并非一致,至今尚存争议。笔者在中国31个省份(不包括香港、澳门及台湾)1993—2012年面板数据的基础上研究贸易开放对环境污染的程度影响,考虑到污染物质的排放存在连续性,使用了动态面板模型进行系统GMM估计。实证结果表明,贸易开放对中国环境污染的影响是积极的。而进一步分地区回归的结果表明贸易开放对中国中西部地区污染水平的降低将起到更大的促进作用。环境污染对各地区贸易开放弹性的绝对值相比整体回归时有所下降,表明当所有省份作为一个整体时,贸易开放对污染减排的积极影响将更大。笔者认为应该进一步扩大我国对外开放的程度,同时重点加强对我国中西部地区的开放力度,大力促进不同地区之间的贸易合作,并加快绿色进口贸易的发展。
Abstract
As the world's largest trading country, China's trade growth rate is obvious since the reform and opening up. However, with the environmental pollution in our country becomes more and more serious, the continuous demand for resources by trade makes people begin to think that trade expansion may be one of the reasons of environmental pollution. Arguments for the link between trade openness and environmental pollution are always one of the important topics in academic research. The debate over the conclusion exists all the time even though there are a lot of empirical literatures. In this paper, we use panel data for 31 provinces of China (not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) covering the years from 1993 to 2012 to analyze the impact of trade openness on environmental pollution, and focus on system GMM regression by dynamic panel model considering the persistence of pollutants' emissions. We find that the impact of trade openness on Chinese environmental pollution is positive. We also make a further regression according to the division of east, middle and west China. The conclusion indicates that trade openness is much more beneficial to decrease the environmental pollution level of China's middle and west regions. Compared to the overall regression, the absolute value of elasticity of environmental pollution on trade openness is lower in sub regional regression, which means that the positive impact of trade openness on pollution reduction will be greater when all the provinces as a whole. In conclusion, the author argues that government should consider further expanding the extent of China's opening up, strengthening the openness of China's middle and west regions, promoting trade cooperation between different regions, accelerating the development of green import trade.
关键词
贸易开放 /
工业二氧化硫排放 /
动态面板 /
系统GM
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Key words
Trade openness /
Industrial SO2 emission /
Dynamic panel /
System GMM
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中图分类号：
F752.65
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基金
国家社科基金重大项目“国际贸易保护主义发展趋势及我国应对策略研究”(项目号12&ZD097); 2014年北京市自然科学基金项目“国际贸易影响收入不平等的程度和机制研究”(项目号9144034)。
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