金砖国家开发银行是金砖国家集体行动的结果,其产生的收益具有跨国公共性,能够为金砖各国所共享,因此在经济学本质上属于国际公共品。然而,国际公共品的非排他属性意味着在成立过程中,金砖各国可能因参与激励不足而产生“搭便车”倾向和机会主义行为,陷入集体行动困境。但金砖国家开发银行的成立实践表明,这一困境并非不可克服。金砖国家在弥补基础设施融资不足、实现外汇储备盈利以及促进国际货币金融体系改革上的共同利益,为其设立开发银行奠定了前提基础,促使各国为此展开“讨价还价”;在“讨价还价”博弈过程中建立的成本分担制度和收益分享制度通过重塑各国所面临的成本—收益结构,增强合作激励,最终将非合作博弈转化为合作博弈,进而成功克服了集体行动困境,这便构成了金砖国家开发银行成立的路径和机制,也是其得以成立的经济与逻辑所在。
Abstract
The New Development Bank (NDB) is the result of BRICS collective action.It can create transnational public benefits,which are shared by BRIC nations. So, it is international public goods in the economic essence.However, the non-exclusiveness of the benefits of international public goods means that nations have “free rider” incentive and opportunism behavior during the establishment, and trap into the dilemma of collective actions. But the collective action dilemma is not insurmountable. This paper shows that those common profits of BRIC nations, which are solving the infrastructure financing gaps, making the foreign exchange reserves to be profitable, and pushing forward the reform of the international monetary and financial systems lay the foundation of the establishment of NDB, and prompt BRIC nations to bargain with one another. Then the institutional design of cost-sharing and revenue-sharing which are formed in the process of bargaining game reshape the structure of cost-benefit, and strengthen the cooperation incentive. Thus the non-cooperation game is transformed into the cooperation game, and the dilemma of collective actions is overcome. These are the economic logic of the establishment of NDB.
关键词
金砖国家开发银行 /
国际公共品 /
集体行动 /
利益博弈
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Key words
New Development Bank /
International public goods /
Collective action /
Interests game
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中图分类号：
F062.6
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脚注
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基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“深化收入分配制度改革的财税机制与制度研究”(项目编码:13&ZD031)。
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