我国对“小微企业”的划型界定较晚,但“小微企业”的发展对增加就业,促进经济增长、科技创新与社会和谐稳定等方面能发挥重要作用。现阶段困扰小微企业发展的最大问题是融资问题,而政府在其中扮演极为关键的角色。笔者分析了现阶段我国小微企业的融资瓶颈,然后立足政策视角归纳出政府对小微企业融资的作用机制,并选取天津市216家小微企业的发展数据,对政策影响小微企业融资的各变量进行实证研究,结果表明:商业银行是现阶段小微企业融资的首选渠道,社会金融机构次之,而资本市场作用较弱;政府的财政资金支持对小微企业融资的效果并不显著,而政府公共服务体系建设和信用担保有效地促进了小微企业融资。最后从加强制度保障、调整政策方向、引导金融资源配置、引领融资方式创新等方面提出了促进小微企业融资的相关举措。

The small and micro enterprises play an important role in employment, economic growth, technology innovation and social harmony. The biggest problem it faces at the present stage is financing. The government plays a crucial role in solving the problem. The paper analyzes the bottleneck in financing and defines the financing mechanism based on the government behavior and selects 216 small and micro enterprises to conduct the empirical research and explore the influence of each path variable. The results show that commercial banks are the preferred way for financing, followed by social financial institution, the action of capital market is weakest. The financial subsidy of the government does not work, but the public service system and credit guarantee of the government have an effective influence for the financing of small and micro enterprises. Finally, the paper puts forward that the government can improve the ability of small and micro enterprises in financing from strengthening the system construction, adjusting the policy direction, guiding the allocation and revolution of financial resources.