In this study, we briefly introduce the methodology based on Jorgenson-Fraumeni lifetime income approach to measure China’s human capital, and describe the results of human capital estimation at the national level and provincial level from 1985 to 2010. We discussed the distribution and dynamics of total human capital, total labor force human capital, and related average human capital across time and across provinces, and for rural and urban areas. Further researches based on our new human capital estimates are introduced.