the compulsory education is a special kind of public goods. In recent years, the cause of rural compulsory education in China has made considerable progress, but with the city compulsory education funds, teaching conditions, teachers and other aspects of the gap is still not been effectively curbed. In this paper, the use of public economic theory to analyze the deep reason for the gap between urban and rural compulsory education, put forward public economy concept should be reinventing government, reasonable division of intergovernmental compulsory education governance, improve the fiscal transfer payment, improve convergence gap between urban and rural compulsory education to enhance peasant interest group politics influence, implementation of equal compulsory education between urban and rural development.